Lung Cancer - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Diagnosis

Lung cancer ranks as the third most prevalent cancer in the world. It develops when harmful cells in the lungs multiply uncontrollably. Treatment options encompass surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted medications. Screening is advisable for those at elevated risk. Progress in treatments has notably decreased the number of deaths caused by lung cancer in recent times. For those seeking top-notch care, the best cancer hospital in Noida offer advanced treatments and comprehensive care for lung cancer patients.

Lung Cancer Treatment By Stage with Felix Hospital. Reach out to us at helpdesk@felixhospital.com or call +91 9667064100.

What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a condition where healthy cells in the lungs start to change in a harmful way. Instead of growing and dying as they should, these cells multiply rapidly, forming tumors. There are two main types of lung cancer: small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which doctors distinguish based on how they look under a microscope. NSCLC is more common. While anyone can develop lung cancer, smoking and exposure to things like secondhand smoke or certain chemicals can raise the risk.
 

Types of Lung Cancer:

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) are the two primary types of Lung Cancer.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): NSCLC is characterized by the presence of larger cells when viewed under a microscope. It includes several subtypes:

• Adenocarcinoma: This subtype often originates in the mucus-producing glands in the lungs.
  Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Squamous cells are flat cells that line the airways in the lungs. This subtype of NSCLC typically starts in the bronchi.

• Large Cell Carcinoma: Large cell carcinoma refers to tumors in the lung that lack the distinctive features of adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): This type accounts for around 13% of Lung Cancer cases. SCLC is characterized by small cells when observed under a microscope. It tends to grow and spread more quickly than NSCLC.

Stages of Lung Cancer:

The stages of cancer describe how much it has spread in the body and how serious it is. This helps doctors and patients decide on the best treatment plan.

There are different ways to categorize the stages of cancer. One common method is:

• Localized: Cancer is in one area and hasn't spread.

• Regional: Cancer has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.

• Distant: Cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Another method called TNM staging looks at the size of the tumor, whether it affects lymph nodes, and if it has spread elsewhere.
 

For Lung Cancer, there are specific stages for NSCLC and SCLC.

In NSCLC:

Occult: Cancer cells are present but don't show up on scans.

• Stage 0: Abnormal cells are found only in the top layers of airway cells.

• Stage 1: A tumor is in the lung but hasn't spread.

• Stage 2: The tumor is larger and may have spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.

• Stage 3: Cancer has spread to lymph nodes and other parts of the lung.

• Stage 4: Cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.

SCLC has two stages:

• Limited: Cancer is only on one side of the chest, possibly in nearby lymph nodes.

• Extensive: Cancer has spread beyond one side of the chest, possibly to the other lung or other parts of the body.

Causes of Lung Cancer:

Causes of Lung Cancer, when cells in your lungs start multiplying uncontrollably. Normally, cells have a limit to how much they can divide or they self-destruct when needed. But in cancer, these cells ignore those limits. They become abnormal and keep growing, causing problems for your healthy cells.

We're not entirely sure why this happens to some people and not others, but things like smoking tobacco can increase your chances of getting Lung Cancer by damaging your cells.

Symptoms of Lung Cancer:

Symptoms of Lung Cancer often don't show in its early stages. Symptoms usually appear when the cancer has progressed. Symptoms related to the lungs and chest might include:

• Persistent coughing.

• Chest pain.

• Coughing up blood, even just a little.

• Hoarseness.

• Difficulty breathing.

• Wheezing.

When Lung Cancer spreads to other areas, additional symptoms may arise, such as:

• Bone pain.

• Headaches.

• Unintentional weight loss.

• Decreased appetite.

• Swelling in the face or neck.
   

Treatment of Lung Cancer:

Lung Cancer Treatment aims to either remove the cancer, slow down its growth, or alleviate symptoms. The choice of treatment depends on various factors including the type of Lung Cancer, its location, and how far it has spread.

Medications and treatments for Lung Cancer include:

1. Surgery: If the cancer hasn't spread and is localized, surgery may be an option. This involves removing the tumor and surrounding healthy tissue. In some cases, part or all of the lung may need to be removed.

2. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA): This treatment is used for tumors on the outer edges of the lungs. It involves using high-energy radio waves to destroy cancer cells.

3. Radiation therapy: High-energy beams are directed at the cancer cells to kill them. It can be used alone or in combination with surgery. It's also used to relieve pain caused by tumors.

4. Chemotherapy: A combination of medications is used to stop cancer cells from growing. It can be given before or after surgery, or in combination with other treatments. Chemotherapy is usually administered intravenously (IV).

5. Targeted drug therapy: Some Lung Cancers have specific genetic mutations that make them susceptible to targeted drugs. These drugs aim to slow down or destroy cancer cells.

6. Immunotherapy: This treatment helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. It's particularly effective against cancers that have found ways to hide from the immune system.

In addition to these treatments, palliative care is used to relieve symptoms such as pain and difficulty breathing. This may involve procedures to remove blockages in the airways or drain fluid from around the lungs.

Each treatment option comes with its own set of side effects. These can include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and pain, among others. Your healthcare provider can provide guidance on what to expect and how to manage these side effects during your specific treatment.
 

Diagnosis of Lung Cancer:

To diagnose Lung Cancer, doctors use various methods:

1. Physical examination: Doctors check for any signs or symptoms of Lung Cancer during a physical exam.

2. Imaging: Tests like chest X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans provide detailed images of the lungs, helping doctors detect any abnormalities.

3. Bronchoscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin tube with a camera into the lungs to examine them internally.

4. Biopsy: Tissue samples are taken from the lungs and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present. This helps identify the specific type of Lung Cancer, such as NSCLC or SCLC.

5. Molecular testing: Genetic mutations or biomarkers in the cancer cells are identified through molecular testing. This information helps doctors choose the most effective treatment options tailored to the patient's specific condition.

Prevention of Lung Cancer:

The best way to lower your risk of Lung Cancer is to avoid smoking tobacco. It's also important to stay away from secondhand smoke, reduce exposure to air pollution, and avoid workplace hazards like chemicals and asbestos.

Getting early treatment if you have Lung Cancer can help prevent it from getting worse or spreading to other parts of your body.

There are two main approaches to Lung Cancer prevention:

1. Primary prevention: This focuses on preventing the disease from occurring in the first place by reducing risk factors and promoting healthy habits. This includes quitting smoking, creating smoke-free environments, implementing policies to control tobacco use, addressing workplace hazards, and reducing air pollution.

    

2. Secondary prevention: This involves screening methods to detect Lung Cancer early, before symptoms appear, especially in high-risk individuals. Early detection through screening can greatly improve treatment outcomes. The primary screening method for Lung Cancer is low-dose computed tomography (LDCT).

Survival rates of Lung Cancer:

Lung Cancer Survival Rate By Age varies depending on factors such as the stage of cancer at diagnosis, the type of Lung Cancer, and the individual's overall health. Generally, the earlier the cancer is diagnosed and treated, the better the chances of survival.

For non-small cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), the 5-year survival rate ranges from about 24% for distant (metastatic) stage to around 63% for localized stage. 

For small cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), the 5-year survival rate is lower, with only about 7% for distant stage and around 31% for localized stage.

It's important to remember that survival rates are estimates based on large groups of people and may not accurately predict an individual's prognosis. Advances in treatments and personalized medicine continue to improve outcomes for people with Lung Cancer. Early detection through screening and prompt treatment can also significantly impact survival rates.
 

Cost of Lung Cancer Treatment in India

In India, treating Lung Cancer usually costs between Rs. 5,00,000 to Rs. 10,00,000 on average. This covers everything from initial assessments and fitness checks to advanced tests, surgeries, and hospital stays for both patients and their caregivers.

Felix Hospitals is the Best Lung Cancer Specialist Hospital in Noida. Book your consultation with us today or call us at +91 9667064100.

Recovery Rate:

The recovery rate for Lung Cancer varies depending on several factors, including the stage of the cancer at diagnosis, the type of Lung Cancer, the individual's overall health, and the effectiveness of the treatment received.

For early-stage Lung Cancer that has not spread beyond the lungs, the chances of recovery are generally higher. In these cases, treatment options such as surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination of both may offer a good chance of long-term survival.

For advanced-stage Lung Cancer that has spread to other parts of the body, the chances of recovery are typically lower. However, advancements in treatment options such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have improved outcomes for some patients with advanced Lung Cancer, potentially extending survival and improving quality of life.

It's important to note that Lung Cancer recovery rates are individual and can vary widely. Some people may achieve remission and live cancer-free for many years, while others may experience recurrence or complications despite treatment. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as smoking cessation, exercise, and nutrition can also play a role in recovery and overall health outcomes.

Conclusion:

Lung Cancer is a significant health concern worldwide, ranking as the third most prevalent cancer. It develops when cells in the lungs multiply uncontrollably, forming tumors. Early detection through screening and prompt treatment are crucial for improving survival rates. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy, and immunotherapy. The prognosis varies based on factors such as cancer stage, type, and overall health. While survival rates have improved with advancements in treatment, recovery rates differ widely among individuals. Lifestyle choices, such as avoiding tobacco smoke and reducing exposure to environmental hazards, play a crucial role in preventing Lung Cancer. Overall, ongoing research, early detection, and access to effective treatments are essential for reducing the burden of Lung Cancer and improving outcomes for patients.

FAQs on Lung Cancer:

1. How long do Lung Cancer patients live?
Ans - Survival rates for Lung Cancer patients vary widely depending on factors such as the stage of cancer at diagnosis, the type of Lung Cancer, and the effectiveness of treatment. Some patients may survive for several years, especially if the cancer is detected early and responds well to treatment, while others may have shorter survival times, particularly if the cancer is diagnosed at a later stage or if treatment options are limited.

2. How does Lung Cancer affect life?
Ans - Lung Cancer can have a profound impact on a person's life, both physically and emotionally. Physically, it can cause symptoms such as persistent coughing, chest pain, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and weight loss. Emotionally, it can lead to anxiety, depression, fear, and uncertainty about the future. Treatment side effects can also affect quality of life, as they may cause discomfort, fatigue, and changes in appearance.

3. How to recover from Lung Cancer?
Ans - Recovery from Lung Cancer involves undergoing various treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, depending on the individual's specific condition and the stage of the cancer. Additionally, supportive care measures, including nutritional support, pain management, and psychological counseling, can help patients cope with the physical and emotional challenges of treatment and facilitate their recovery process.

4. Can you survive Lung Cancer if caught early?
Ans - Yes, the chances of survival are generally higher if Lung Cancer is detected early. Early detection allows for prompt initiation of treatment when the cancer is still localized or has not spread extensively, increasing the likelihood of successful treatment outcomes and long-term survival.

5. Can a person survive Lung Cancer?
Ans - Yes, many people can survive Lung Cancer, especially if it is diagnosed and treated in its early stages. Advances in medical treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, have improved survival rates and quality of life for Lung Cancer patients in recent years. However, prognosis varies depending on individual factors such as cancer stage, type, overall health, and response to treatment.

6. Is stage 4 cancer 100% death?
Ans - While stage 4 cancer is generally considered advanced and may be more difficult to treat, it is not always fatal. Some individuals with stage 4 cancer may respond well to treatment and achieve remission or stable disease, allowing them to live for an extended period with a good quality of life. However, the prognosis for stage 4 cancer can vary widely depending on factors such as cancer type, location, aggressiveness, and overall health status.

7. Can you live a normal life after Lung Cancer?
Ans - Many people are able to live normal lives after successfully completing treatment for Lung Cancer. While the experience may have lasting effects on physical health and emotional well-being, with proper medical care, support, and lifestyle adjustments, individuals can often resume their daily activities, work, and social interactions. Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are important to monitor for any signs of cancer recurrence or long-term side effects of treatment.

8. Can Lung Cancer be treated successfully?
Ans - Yes, Lung Cancer can be treated successfully, particularly when diagnosed and treated in its early stages. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, either alone or in combination, depending on the specific characteristics of the cancer and the individual's overall health. Advances in medical research and personalized medicine continue to improve treatment outcomes and extend survival for many patients with Lung Cancer.