5 Things You Should Know About Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide, including a growing number in India. Often overlooked and underdiagnosed, PAD can have serious implications for one’s health and quality of life. This blog aims to shed light on what PAD is, its symptoms, risks, and treatment options available at the best vascular surgery hospital. If you or someone you know might be at risk, understanding this condition is the first step toward better health.

If you're concerned about your Vascular health or experiencing symptoms that may suggest PAD, don't hesitate to consult a specialist by Calling +91 9667064100.

The Growing Concern of PAD in India

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a circulatory issue affecting the legs, characterized by the narrowing of the peripheral arteries that transport blood from the heart to various body parts. The most prevalent form is lower-extremity PAD, which results in reduced blood flow to the legs and feet. Upper-extremity PAD, affecting the arms, hands, and fingers, is less common, impacting around 10% of the population.

Both PAD and coronary artery disease stem from atherosclerosis, a condition marked by the accumulation of fatty plaque in the arteries, leading to their narrowing and blockage throughout the body. This can occur in the heart, brain, arms, legs, pelvis, kidneys, and other organs.

Here are 5 Important Things You Should Know About PAD
 

1. Early PAD May Not Present Noticeable Symptoms

In the initial stages of peripheral artery disease (PAD), symptoms are often subtle and may go undetected. Many people remain unaware of their condition until blood flow to the legs is significantly reduced. The hallmark symptom, claudication—characterized by muscle pain while walking a certain distance—might not be recognized if the individual doesn’t engage in long walks. Some may mistakenly attribute these early signs to aging or simple muscle fatigue.

A comprehensive evaluation by a vascular surgeon is essential for identifying PAD in its early stages, enabling timely intervention and effective management.

2. PAD Increases the Risk of Heart Disease

The presence of PAD notably elevates the risk of developing heart disease. Research indicates that 30 to 40% of patients with PAD also show signs of heart disease. Additionally, 10 to 15% may develop carotid artery disease, which raises the likelihood of stroke and paralysis. Consequently, individuals diagnosed with PAD face a heightened risk of heart attacks or strokes during their treatment journey.

3. Advanced PAD Can Result in Amputation

If left untreated, advanced PAD can progress to critical limb ischemia, where blood flow to the legs is severely compromised, leading to intense pain at rest, ulcers, or gangrene. At this stage, conservative treatments often fail, necessitating immediate or early interventional or surgical solutions. Many patients with advanced PAD may ultimately confront progressive gangrene, resulting in the need for amputation, either below or above the knee.

4. PAD Can Be Managed Conservatively

Most patients with early-stage PAD can be effectively treated using conservative methods. This typically includes medical interventions such as antiplatelet medications (like aspirin), statins, and Cilostazol, combined with lifestyle changes and structured walking exercises. Controlling risk factors—such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking cessation, and cholesterol levels—is crucial to prevent the condition from worsening.

Consulting a vascular surgeon is vital to determine whether your PAD can be managed conservatively. Currently, India lacks specialized vascular physicians, making it essential to see a trained vascular and endovascular surgeon for the most appropriate Vascular surgery and treatment strategy.

5. Advanced PAD Can Often Be Treated Non-Surgically

Recent innovations in minimally invasive endovascular techniques have transformed PAD treatment. These procedures, which utilize needle punctures along with low-profile balloons or stents, have demonstrated significant effectiveness. Over the last decade, advancements such as drug-coated balloons, atherectomy devices, and vascular mimetic stents have greatly improved the outcomes of endovascular treatments.

Now, over 70% of patients with advanced PAD or critical limb ischemia can undergo angioplasty, leading to quicker recovery and faster symptom relief. Our vascular and endovascular specialists are well-equipped to guide you through various treatment options, taking into account factors like age, existing health issues, blockage severity, and device availability.

Know the Best Vascular Surgeon at Felix Hospital

When it comes to managing PAD, the expertise of a qualified vascular surgeon is essential. Dr. Ritesh Agrawal, a leading vascular surgeon at Felix Hospital, has extensive experience in diagnosing and treating PAD and its complications. With a focus on patient-centered care, Dr. Agrawal employs the latest techniques and technologies to provide tailored treatment plans that meet each patient’s unique needs. His commitment to ongoing education ensures that he remains at the forefront of advancements in vascular surgery.

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Conclusion

Understanding Peripheral Arterial Disease is crucial for early detection and effective management. With its rising prevalence, especially in India, awareness and education about PAD can save lives and limbs. By recognizing the signs and risks associated with PAD, you can take proactive steps toward safeguarding your vascular health. Don't hesitate to seek professional guidance to navigate your treatment options and improve your quality of life.

FAQs
 

1. What are the main symptoms of PAD?
ANS: Common symptoms include leg pain during physical activities (claudication), leg weakness, coldness in the lower leg, numbness or weakness in the legs, and sores or wounds that do not heal.
 

2. How is PAD diagnosed?
ANS: PAD is diagnosed through a combination of physical examinations, symptom evaluation, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, angiography, or MRI.
 

3. What are the risk factors for developing PAD?
ANS: Key risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.
 

4. Can PAD lead to serious complications?
ANS: Yes, untreated PAD can lead to critical limb ischemia, and limb amputation, and increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.
 

5. What lifestyle changes can help manage PAD?
ANS: Important lifestyle changes include quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, and effectively managing blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.

6. Is vascular surgery always necessary for treating PAD?
ANS: Not necessarily. Many patients with early-stage PAD can be treated conservatively with medications and lifestyle changes, while advanced cases may benefit from minimally invasive procedures.
 

7. How does PAD differ from other types of arterial diseases?
ANS: PAD specifically affects the arteries in the legs and lower body, whereas other arterial diseases may affect the coronary arteries (heart) or carotid arteries (neck).

8. Can medications help manage PAD symptoms?
 ANS: Yes, medications like antiplatelets, statins, and vasodilators can help manage symptoms and improve blood flow.
 

9. What should I do if I experience symptoms of PAD?
 ANS: It’s important to consult a healthcare provider or a vascular specialist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options if you experience symptoms indicative of PAD.